Born Fighting, Part 2: Debs Poling in the Spanish Civil War

This story is included in my book The Ghost Roads of Fallis Oklahoma, available from Amazon.com in the latter part of July. Click on the link below to check its status, or enter "Wayne Pounds" as author in the Advanced Search module. 

https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B001KI3QV6/allbooks?ingress=0&visitId=e70f2672-176b-4b55-84cd-69944a4392bf&store_ref=ap_rdr&ref_=ap_rdr

Guthrie and his fascist killing machine, date unknown

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Print Sources

Nix, Edward Dumas. Oklahombres, Particularly the Wilder Ones. As Told to Gordon Hines. No place of publication or  publisher, 1929. 

Pounds, Wayne. Desegregation and the Fate of Black Teachers in Oklahoma. Independently published, July 2022.

_____. Wright Cemetery: The Oldest in Chandler Oklahoma. Independently published. Printed Middletown DE, 2020. 

Shirley, Glenn. West of Hell’s Fringe: Crime, Criminals, and the Federal Peace Officer in Oklahoma Territory, 1889-1907. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978. 

Webb, James. Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America. New York: Broadway Books, 2004. 

Online Sources

Many of my online sources are the local newspapers archived at newspapers.com and gateway.okhist.org. In addition are the following. (ALBA: The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives.) 

Brooks, Chris. “Commoners in Spain: Students, Faculty, and Alumni of Commonwealth College in the Spanish Civil War.”  https://albavolunteer.org/. Consulted Dec. 2022.

Commonwealth College. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_College_(Arkansas). Accessed Dec. 2022. 

Darnton, Dina. “Lincoln Veterans Muster on Battlefields of Spain.”

New York Times, 24 Oct. 1983. Consulted Dec. 2020.

Faber, Sabastiaan, and Peter N. Carol. “Letter from ALBA: The Education Battle Front.” https://albavolunteer.org/2022/11/letter-from-alba-the-education-battlefront/. Accessed Dec. 2022.

Faculty, and Alumni of Commonwealth College in the Spanish Civil War. https://albavolunteer.org/2018/11/commoners-in-spain-students-faculty-and-alumni/. Consulted Dec. 2022.

Griffin, Andrew. “From Oklahoma to Spain: Fighter for Justice.” The Volunteer, 25 Aug. 2016. https://albavolunteer.org/2016/08/from-oklahoma-to-spain-fighter-for-justice. Accessed Dec. 2022.

Johnson, T. T., “Bringing Up Fighters,” Daily Oklahoman, 6 Mar 1938, p. 71.

“San Francisco Bay Area Gala Inspires.” ALBA , 18 November 1022. https://albavolunteer.org/. Accessed Dec. 2020.

The Volunteer: Founded by the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Latest issue, Nov. 18, 2022. https://albavolunteer.org/. Consulted Dec. 2022.